Ethics Organ retention in research Essay Example

Ethics: Organ retention in research Essay Introduction: In Norway may 2014, there was a dirt described foremost by one of the biggest newspaper in Norway VG, in the paper it was written that the Forensic Institute in Norway ( now under folkehelseinstitutet ) has consistently taken out parts of the encephalon, bosom and other variety meats from 700 dead kids organic structures for research. This happened without the consent of parents or relations. The stuffs of the dead kids are stored in a research bank called SIDS biobank. The pattern has been traveling on for 30 old ages. Documentation VG ( newspaper ) has obtained shows that the pattern at the largest forensic section has been running since 1984, when SIDS epidemic raged in the state. The purpose of the research was to work out SIDS conundrum. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Organ retention in research specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Organ retention in research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Organ retention in research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The kids that have been researched on died out of the blue when they were between nothing and three old ages old. The description of the research shows that scientists thought it would be excessively nerve-racking for the households to be asked for consent. Fractionated variety meats and samples from the organic structures of the dead kids form the footing for a assortment of research undertakings. Brains and Black Marias of the kids have been removed from their organic structures, and become fixated. From encephalon it is taken out 10 to 15 spots. These has been divided into approximately 2.5 centimeters long and 2 millimeter midst pieces and stored for research intent. It has besides been taken extended sums of tissue samples from the lungs, kidneys, liver and other variety meats from the legal autopsied kids. [ 1 ] Forensic probes of immature kids who die out of the blue is performed at the state s largest infirmaries, but It s merely FHI who have stored big sums of stuff from the dead for research over clip. Because the decease was unexpected, the constabulary and prosecuting officers requested an necropsy. In connexion with it has forensic relinquished kid s organic structure to relatives without encephalons, and some instances bosom and other variety meats and replaced the losing stuff with Si for burial. While hospital necropsies are purely regulated, they conduct research for right necropsies without clear statute law. [ 2 ] Facts: The medical tester at the NIPH necropsy yearly around 20-25 of the about 40 kids from 0 to 3 old ages who are forensic necropsy in Norway. Most of the kids have died all of a sudden and out of the blue. When kids die all of a sudden and out of the blue, the constabulary must be notified. As portion of the probe hunger constabulary forensic necropsy, which is important in order to find cause of decease. It s the constabulary who decide whether it will be implemented forensic necropsy, and this is non something parents can make up ones mind. Most parents besides want to cognize for themself what the kid died of. There has been a crisp decrease in the figure of SIDS instances in Norway from the 1980s. The incidence averaged 1.9 per 1,000 unrecorded births from 1986 to 1990, and fell to 0.4 in period 1996-2000. [ 3 ] In this paper I will take for me the ethical and legal quandary this instance convey Forth. If the actions of the forensic research workers in this instance justifiable, both morally and lawfully? What would hold been the effects of traveling by the book , go forthing either acquiring consent or non utilizing the remains at all? And at the terminal discuss how this instance differs from Alder hey dirt which was a similar instance in UK. Research, cognition and moralss: It is a known fact that scientific discipline would non hold developed about every bit rapidly if it wasn’t for how bounds are sometimes dead set to ease the research. Leonardo Da Vinci did sculpt robbery to analyze anatomy, which was against the church and hence the jurisprudence. [ 4 ] In ancient India, medical specialty had developed far compared to many other topographic points in the universe, but their anatomical cognition was impaired, due to Torahs against research on the dead. Had scientists done what Da Vinci did, it might hold been a different instance in ancient India. Research on human tissue is necessary to better our cognition of the cause of disease and decease, but the professional has to run within cultural and moral boundaries of the people. The boundaries of what is ethically acceptable research, does non look as coloured lines on maps, they must be subscribed in each instance based on an appraisal of current cognition and norms. Ethical considerations are merely evaluations, and we must accept that. Ethically justifiable Imagine the state of affairs of the parents for the minute. Their child merely died unexpected. Something incredible has happened. They can hardly penetrate that their kid is gone, nor do they desire to believe about or be after a funeral. Then, a medical personal asks to cut and utilize parts of the child’s organic structure. This is intelligibly difficult to even reply for the parents. Is is so ethical to inquire the parents/next of family at this point to compose a consent to utilize tissue from their dead babe to be researched on? Although one might at least in earlier times wanted to protect parents from holding to take portion in determinations like that, i think that at least in recent old ages has proven that merely being able to be involved in taking such a determination, merely being able to be with and assist research to go on, merely so we can take stairss frontward so that others might non see the calamity that parents who have lost a kid, really experiencing in t his state of affairs, that you really want to take part and lend to that others do non see it yes, it is merely this intersection between what we want to cognize, and what we need to cognize, really of import. This is an issue which has spiked heated statements, due to its arguable moral, empathetic and legal quandary. Experience from conversations with parents who have lost a kid and where the kid has been necropsies show that they want to acquire every bit much information about the cause of deformity / decease if possible. The necropsy of the kid will assist with function of the cause of decease. Many of the parents are besides believing that the consequences of the scrutinies will make other parents good, and that the consequences of the necropsy, if possible should be used to forestall deceases. [ 5 ] So if we were to insulate the job from the state of affairs, and the parents were asked if the remains could be used for science/ organ contribution would be something they would be all right with, what would be the reply? And what if the kid would hold grown up, how probably would it be that he/she would be all right with organ contribution? A survey in U.K showed 90 % of people were all right with donating their variety meats, although manner fewer really acquire around to making it. [ 6 ] Therefore, one might state that it is likely the kid would hold agreed, had he/she grown up. And as a wellness attention professional, our chief responsibility is non to the family/friends of the patient, it is to the patient, the diseased. Rough as it might look, one might warrant traveling against the want of the household, for the want of the patient. Theoretically of class, I n pattern, this statement would be slaughtered. It is known fact that in Norway most of the people do state yes research intents besides in the instance of utilizing human tissue after necropsy of SIDS kids. When the parents were asked about this they were willing to accept every bit long as they are asked and informed. [ 7 ] An issue here is how people of some faiths believe that the organic structure will necessitate to be buried whole, if non the psyche can non offend to the following universe. [ 8 ] Everyone is entitled to their ain beliefs, and when no consent is asked for, these rules and beliefs are overlooked and ignored. The demand for informed consent is that the demand for ethical reappraisal, a inquiry of trust. The research workers must demo that they are trusty. Everyone must experience confident that the research is non go oning behind their dorsums. So what about the practical side? Is this ever executable? What about stuff from the deceased? We risk that such rigorous demands lead to of import research becomes impossible? What differentiation between research and quality confidence? And how good you have to inform that the consent must be informed? Basically one must supply adequate information for the parents/next of family is able to do a existent pick Laws in Norway In Norway there are two types of legal necropsy: Autopsies at the infirmary when the go toing physician requesting that it should done an necropsy. The necropsy is so performed by a physician at the section of Pathology. Patients and their following of family may decline to ( infirmary ) necropsy. When the constabulary ask for forensic necropsy. Parents/next of kin should if possible be notified of the decease and told that it will be performed autopsy. Relatives can’t decline a ( forensic ) necropsy. This applies to alleged unnatural deceases. This includes, among other deceases where the cause of decease is unknown and decease has occurred all of a sudden and out of the blue, whether this is at place or in infirmary. This besides applies to decease in terrible ill kids where the decease is unexpected. In instance of decease by accident and where suspected abuse normally forensic necropsy is done. If there is intuition of mistake, carelessness or accident by scrutiny and intervention of unwellness or hurt will besides by and large do a forensic necropsy. [ 9 ] Research associated with forensic necropsies is non covered in jurisprudence as distinguishable from hospital necropsies. it non needed a parental consent. Does that intend that it is illegal? . In this instance we have to retrieve that the autopsy’s was legal, but instead the keeping of tissue for research intent does non hold any legal ordinances. About information to relatives sing research on stuff taken out by forensic necropsies on kids. Research on human biological stuff from deceased is governed by the Health Research Act  § 21, which states that the commissariats of the Act and its organ transplant ordinances apply. In ordinances on necropsy  § 5 2nd paragraph it says that the following of family of the deceased should be informed that they have the right to choose out research on stuff removed at necropsy. It farther provinces of Regulations  § 6, 2nd paragraph that it tapped biological stuff can non be used for research if the following of families have reserved against this. The Health Research Act  § 21 refers to the reserve policies in transplant jurisprudence and ordinances after organ transplant jurisprudence. Therefore, non necessary consent before the stuff is removed from the asleep and used for research. It is sufficient that the relations be allowed to choose out. They households should be informed that they have the right to choose out, and biological stuff can non be used for research if the relations have expressed that they do non desire this. This besides applies to research related to forensic necropsy of kids. Research on biological stuff collected by forensic necropsy of kids will this will be covered by the Health Research Act  § 21 and related Torahs and ordinances. This means that dependants are entitled to information about the ability to choose out research on stuff from their asleep kids. [ 10 ] Harmonizing to Act 21 it is clearly stated that that the households should be informed, and has the right to choose out, the job with this clause is that there is no reference of the Medical Director is committed in progress to inform patients and / or relatives about this refusal right. This is unfortunate, since it leaves room for this sort of disclaimer like professor Torleiv Ole Rognum brought in connexion with the inquiry of why the section does non inform the relations about what happens during an necropsy and what happens to the organic structures? We are non concealing anything. There is prepared an information binder that contains all such information. But the relations do non acquire this booklet or information if they do non inquire for it. [ 11 ] How does this instance differ from Alder Hey instance? : In 1999 it emerged that assorted whole variety meats, including Black Marias and encephalons, had been removed at autopsy from kids at Alder Hey Hospital in Liverpool without the cognition and consent of parents. Parents buried their kids without cognizing that many had been systematically stripped of their variety meats. [ 12 ] A important difference between the two instances is that the Alder Hey narrative, as the intelligence came out, were viewed as a complete dirt. Media decided to swing it wholly in the way of how this was a monstrous thing that the physicians had done. It was blown up to proportions which caused tonss of parents to name the infirmaries to acquire information on station mortems and what had happened, which are in no manner suited for non-healthcare professionals. [ 13 ] The ripple effects of the media narrative caused an unneeded nicety, with small or no positive benefit. The full affair could hold been dealt with wholly juridical, where the voices of the parents would be heard, and the infirmary could be able to reply it decently. After all, this is, as the Norse instance, a genuinely hard affair, giving birth to several different quandary, as we have already talked about. If the intelligence would hold come out during such a test, instead than exposing it to the universe before all t he facts were on the tabular array, this would hold been much easier and solved better than it was. The contrast to the Norse instance, is that media was brought in at a much slower gait. The media coverage was mostly during the tests, documenting the accounts that were given to the tribunal. Unfortunately, VG , the Norse newspaper is besides non impartial and chose the side of the parents, as in the Alder Hey instance. The job with such a black and white attack, is that the full medical society is forced to, officially, agree with the public position. Those who chose to endorse the tabu research pattern, hazard to be alienated from the medical research community and society. This goes for all instances where media put such a bad cast, on one sentiment, and a good for the other. But in this instance the disaffection is even more terrible, since the Norse Forensic Institute, is a much smaller society than out public society. Decision: Research on tissue samples taken at forensic necropsies is non regulated in the same manner as during infirmary necropsies. All research undertakings have received the necessary licenses from the Regional Ethics Committee ( REC ) , which has besides given an freedom for demand of parental consent for research. REK is the variety meats that is at that place to implement the Health Research Act and is those who have the concluding word in such affairs. The stuff under probe has been gathered over a period of 30 old ages. It is of import to set this in a historical context. In the 80s when SIDS raged epidemic and both parents, wellness professionals and research workers urgently wanted to happen out what the cause and what could be done to forestall new SIDS instance. At that it was the parents who collected money for the research intent. The legislative footing for research and consent was besides wholly different in this clip. It was non required for parental consent for research, whe ther in hospital necropsies or forensic necropsies. The legislative footing has since changed. Based on the information in the instance, the relations were non routinely informed about the extra extraction of stuff for research in connexion with forensic necropsies. All relations are non given the chance to choose out of research stuff. In add-on there has been a loophole in the jurisprudence modulating consent. The loophole is that there is no clear guidelines on whose duty is it to give the information to the parents/relatives. This is contrary to Regulations on necropsy  §Ã‚ § 5 and 6, ref. the Health Research Act  § 21. So in this instance the keeping of tissue without informing the parents/ relatives about the chance to reserve from such research is illegal, Norway in 2014 made new ordinances to cover up the loophole in the jurisprudence, and now under the graft and organ contribution jurisprudence it is covered with that consent is needed to make research, even after forensic autopsy’s. Refrences: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/forskningsavsloeringen/forsket-uten-samtykke-i-30-aar/a/10123917/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/forskningsavsloeringen/jurister-hevder-rettsmedisinernes-innsamling-er-ulovlig/a/10124217/ www.ssb.no hypertext transfer protocol: //www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/tbacig/studproj/h1005/leof00/ hypertext transfer protocol: //lub.no/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/obduksjon-av-fostre-og-barn-informasjon-til-foreldre.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //cambridgeglobalist.org/2014/11/02/organ-donation-questions/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/Nar-doden-tjener-livet-7586102.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medscape.com/viewarticle/741267_6 hypertext transfer protocol: //lub.no/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Informasjonsskriv-til-helsepersoenll-obduksjon.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2008-06-20-44 # KAPITTEL_2 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/har-endret-prosedyrene/a/4916127/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1119560/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/uk/alderhey hypertext transfer protocol: //adc.bmj.com/content/84/6/455.full hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/1136723.stm hypertext transfer protocol: //jme.bmj.com/content/30/5/463.full hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.essex.ac.uk/clc/hi/childright/article/004.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/250914/0012_i.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //adc.bmj.com/content/84/6/455.full hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vg.no/nyheter/meninger/forskningsavsloeringen/debatt-forskning-er-ikke-etterforskning/a/23241956/

Discover the History of the Redstone Rockets

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How does adenosine diphosphate (ADP) activate platelets Essay

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Defination Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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The Reflection Of Reading And Writing Experiences English Literature Essay

The Reflection Of Reading And Writing Experiences English Literature Essay On the first day of my Freshman high school English, I entered the classroom with an extremely self-assured, even intermediate, sort of feeling. I signed in late and tiptoed to the last seat in the classroom, comfortably supporting my feet on the seat in front of me. Every year, English has been my worst subject and I failed at it. I had to work hard for every grade I earned in that class and thus far proved to be a real challenge in my mind. Every time I complete an assignment, I procrastinated and eventually end up writing ten page essays the night before or the day of and still would average an A- on all of them. This was definitely the worst thing I could do to improve my Reading and Writing, since I felt no confidence or remorse towards my actions. I would stay up late or wake up 2 hours in the morning, just to finish a paper that I loathed writing. 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I may not have loved all of them, but at least I felt like I earned the grade I received through hard work (through actual reading). From that point on, I started to read and most importantly, began to feel more confident. With every page I read, I would clinch my dictionary in one hand and would sit there, reading and searching for an elongated word that I could add to knowledge. That for me was like playing a video game; turn the page (press the buttons) and search (look for a win). Now I felt like I was spending my time in the best way possible. Not just improving my reading skills, but also fitting into the society today. As I progress throughout my senior year in high school, I will always remember the strategies I have learned and taken from previous years. Reading and Writing may not be my best subjects, but so far they have been my best improvements. Im proud to say that now I have truly accelerated in my Reading and Writing career and will further due so.

Perversion of Society :: essays research papers

Perversion of Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today’s society a person is shaped by family, friends, and past events, but in Aldous Huxley’s classic novel, Brave New World, there is no such thing as family, history and â€Å"true† friends. The government controls every aspect of an individual from their creation in the hatcheries to their conditioning for their thoughts and careers. In this brave new world the ideas of stability and community reign supreme, and the concept of individualism is foreign and suppressed, â€Å"Everyone belongs to everyone else, after all,† (47). Huxley perverses contemporary morals and concepts in Brave New World, thus distorting the ideas of materialistic pleasures, savagery versus society, and human relationships. These distortions contribute to the effectiveness of Brave New World, consequently creating a novel that leaves the reader questioning how and why.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the year A.F. 632 no pleasure is denied to the populous. Hypnopaedia is used as a device to form the moral education of children. What is taught through this method is not true ethics, but warped actions trained by words. An illustration of this is in the teaching of Elementary Sex to children. The society that Huxley created was one where having sex often and with many people was a positive course of action. Anyone who did not have multiple partners, such as Lenina or Bernard, were considered a blight to society. Society as a whole uses the act of having sex as relief from pain and emotions. A person does not have to lust for someone they merely set up a time and place for them to meet and have sex, and it is completely accepted by everyone. When sex is not enough to relieve a person from pain or loneliness they take soma, a drug that stimulates them into happiness. Unlike the drugs of present day there is no set backs from taking soma, no headaches after use, and after all â€Å"One cubic centimetre cure ten gloomy,† (60). Finally, there is the concept of feelies, movies that you can feel what the actors are doing. These feelies are nothing more than glamorized porn movies giving the participants quick orgasmic feelings without effort. All these materialistic pleasures are used to substitute an individuals basic emotional needs and to give them a false sense of happiness. Huxley used this warped view on what today’s society deems morally right and wrong to reveal how shallow the citizens of the brave new world truly are.

“Futility” by Wilfred Owen Essay

The poem titled â€Å"Futility† meaning uselessness or pointlessness. Owen is trying to say this war is the pointless war. The soldiers are useless that they’re dead. No matter how much the soldier work, it doesn’t worth it. The poem is written in fourteen lines and divided into two verses. The two verses are contrast each other. The first verse’s atmosphere is quite, soft, tender and peaceful and the second verse’s atmosphere sounds more desperate, frustrate, ridiculous and demanding for something to happen. In the first verse, three verbs that describe the action of the Sun, move, gently, and touch are quite soft and tender. These verbs describe that the sun move softly, gently and touch the soldier to wake him up. The sun here means the sun that shines everyday to wake the man and at the same time it may symbolize religious. The sun that used to wake him up and care for him. It’s metaphor that the sun moves the man into the light. The third line of verse one, it mentioned that the soldier was once a farmer. The word whispering is onomatopoeia meaning the sun is whispering to the man about the memories the man used to have on the farm. It’s a soft and tender plus pleading together. â€Å"Unsown† means that the field has not seeded but yet the sun is shining now to tell the man that it’s the beginning of the planting season now. In other meaning, the word unsown is metaphor that the soldier is still too young for them to join the war, as they haven’t start their adult life yet. The fourth and fifth lines, ‘Always it awoke him, even in France, until this morning and this snow.’ The sun symbolizes the warmth of life and the snow symbolizes the coldness of death. The sun always arouses him everywhere even he’s in France but this morning is different because snow has partially block the man so the man wasn’t able to wake up. The word morning has two different meaning. One is the everyday morning, which is the beginning of the day and the second meaning referring to the word mourning. Owen is mourning for the man who has die. The last two line of the last two line, Owen is pleading to god, please please if anything can rouse him now please do it and in this case only god who can do it. Only the old sun that used to be very kind can wake him up now. The sun here is personified by referring the sun as old and kind. Through the whole verse Owen create the sound by using assonance of the repetition of â€Å"ow† sound in woke, unsown, snow, rouse, now and know. Owen used an imperative verb, think, at the beginning of the second verse. It’s order the reader to think and at the same time Owen also make it sound more desperate. He is desperate to think on how the sun will wake the seeds. The seeds here give the image of growth and nature and it symbolized the beginning of life. He is desperate to ask how god wakes the soldier that is already died on the ground. The third line of the second verse mention the word â€Å"limbs†, it has two meaning. First a limb is a branch of a tree, which fit in with the nature. Second meaning means the pair of legs, arms and wings. Owen means that god create these nature and mankind. The line after this said â€Å"full-nerved, –still warm, — too hard to stir?† Owen means that he still don’t understand how the sun gives life to seeds, but not the warmness to these soldier. The fifth line â€Å"Was it for this the clay grew tall?† this refer to the war. Clay is mud and mud comes from Earth. The clay grew tall; in this case the clay symbolized man. In this line Owen was asked what was this war for? Do we do all this to kill? Is this why we put him on this Earth? So what is the point of life? The last two lines â€Å"—O what made fatuous sunbeams toil to break Earth’s sleep at all?† Owen ask this question starting with what made, he means what is the point of sending these men these men to the war and died there? It’s seems so silly that the sun create life for these him and then let them died with regret. The first verse focuses upon a dead soldier and second verse asked why the sun is shining at all. Why there is life when there is such a suffering, Owen is trying to say if the sun can wake up life on Earth but why can’t it wake up his soldier because what he thinks is that if anything could make the soldier it must be the sun.

Lack of Treatment Is One Reason Your Social Security Disability Claim May Be Denied

Lack of Treatment Is One Reason Your Social Security Disability Claim May Be Denied Lack of Treatment Is One Reason Your Social Security Disability Claim May Be Denied Applying for Social Security Disability benefits is a long, confusing and stressful process. In fact, research shows that 70% of all claimants who file for disability benefits are initially denied. But if this happens to you, do not give up. Contact an experienced disability attorney for help in applying for disability, or appealing a denial. Even people who deserve disability benefits often have to fight before those benefits are granted. In fact, thousands of people who were once denied are now receiving their disability benefits after allowing Disability Attorneys of Michigan to help.There are a number of factors that could cause your claim for disability benefits to be denied. Below is one reason†¦Lack of Medical Treatment is the #1 reason why SSD claims are denied.If a claimant is not seeking regular medical treatment for their physical or mental impairment, the lack of medical records to support their claim can result in their claim being denied. Making sure that you recei ve continued medical treatment from licensed medical providers is essential in any Social Security Disability claim.Many ask the question, â€Å"What if I can’t afford to seek medical attention?†If you are unable to afford the medical treatment you need, look into applying for Medicaid and/or research the Affordable Care Act. Don’t hesitate to contact an experienced Social Security Disability attorney at Disability Attorneys of Michigan for help and guidance. We’re always here to answer any questions that you may have regarding disability benefits.The Disability Attorneys of Michigan work hard every day helping the disabled of Michigan obtain the disability benefits they deserve. If you are unable to work due to a physical or mental impairment call Disability Attorneys of Michigan now for a free consultation at 800-949-2900.And if you have applied for disability benefits in Michigan and have been denied, call us for help.Let Michigan’s leading Soci al Security Disability law firm help you get the benefits you  deserve.Disability Attorneys of Michigan.  Compassionate Excellence. Affordable Care Act, DA Michigan, Denied Claim, Disability Attorneys of Michigan, lack of treatment, Social Security Disability, social security disability attorneys, SSD Claim

Imagine What essays

Imagine What essays John Lennon's "Imagine" is one of the most inspirational songs of all time. It always made people think about the words of his song. Some questions rise, such as how would the world be if there was no violence, religion, or countries bound by boundaries? The song came at a time when there was alot of protest. Lennon was always one to think of peace and harmony and the basics of life. When Lennon writes,"Imagine all the people living life in peace"(11- 12), he means that he wonders what the world would be like, if everyone were equal. There was no rich or poor, if there was no hunger,everyone just sharing what they had and no jealousy. Every country would have the same equalities and there would be no third world countries. That's what the song "Imagine" describes, an a utopian state. The message was communicated through music by an artist who was one of the greatest songwriters of all time. John Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono, were twoof the biggest advocates of world peace. The song questions if we could imagine what it would be like to live like that. "Imagine," is a song that will always make you stop and wonder what it would be like "Imagine." John Lennon. 16 October 2000. ...

British class and gender formation during the nineteenth century Essay

British class and gender formation during the nineteenth century - Essay Example With this underlying premise, it can be argued that the economic conditions during that time due to the Industrial revolution perpetrated the spread of a unique kind of class and gender consciousness. However, it must be noted that this in no way undermines the role and importance of other factors. This argument does not state that the only factor responsible for the changing class and gender consciousness in 19th century England is purely economic in nature. Rather, the economic condition during that period is the most important determinant in class and gender consciousness due to it being inescapable; and because it is inescapable, it became the ground from where the cultural approach—which basically states that English ideologies and rhetoric are more significant in the construction of class and gender identities—sprouted. What the economic condition did was that it aggravated other factors, such as language and rhetoric, and this prompted the â€Å"making of the En glish working class,†1 as well as the â€Å"sexual crisis.†2 This paper will show, through notable writings that aim to explain the Industrial Revolution and the resulting class and gender consciousness through the cultural approach, how the economic factors surrounding these explanations cannot be avoided. These are the evidences that this argument will use in proving the premise that the economic situation at that time is the most important factor as it is both ubiquitous and inescapable. Athough these readings use the cultural approach, they still could not help but highlight the underlying reason for these experiences and rhetoric—and that is, the economic condition of that time, whether in the provinces or cities, became the set that staged the changes in familial and societal relationships. In order to better understand the economic conditions of 19th century England, the Industrial Revolution must be discussed

Alternative high schools the path for the education of the future for Essay

Alternative high schools the path for the education of the future for youth to compete in a global economy - Essay Example A wide range of philosophies and teaching methods are offered by alternative schools. â€Å"The only true education comes through the stimulation of the students powers by the demands of the social situations in which he finds himself. Through these demands he is stimulated to conceive of himself from the standpoint of the welfare of the group to which he belongs.† John Dewey. Schools decided the way a student’s life works, the way their mind develops and ultimately the life choices they make. Ordinary public schools usually cram information into students heads and test-test-test! Alternative schooling ensures students grow a creative mind of their own, by letting them learn for themselves. The actual teachers give structure to their ideas, and encourage them to think constructively and gain true knowledge .Alternative schooling aims at preparing students for the practicalities of living and succeeding not just during school life but to participate in the global economy by providing them with necessary knowledge and skills. â€Å"High school was something I had to break out of, because all of it felt like chains that were keeping me down. And when I did, one day, break free, I felt liberated and ready to take on the world. Not because I had learned so much in high school, but because I no longer felt a restraint on my creativity.† this is a comment posted on the net by Faruk Ates a professional web developer .3 In conventional schools, areas of knowledge and particular skills fall into orderly categories, in life they merge together into a rich and intricate texture. Alternative schools may be defined as ‘an educational establishment with a curriculum and methods that are nontraditional.’ (Definition of alternative school) 1 .These schools have a special syllabus offering a more flexible curriculum of study than a conventional school. Such schools exist in various forms like Alternative Schools,